Whatever the bells or whistles, the shape, or the design, how do you begin to shop for a new refrigerator? A new refrigerator represents a major purchase, so what features should you look for, what size do you need, and how do you determine whether you want a bottom or top mount model?

Size Up Your Needs

The first step toward deciding which refrigerator to buy is to figure out how much space you need. Consider the capacity of your current refrigerator and how well your groceries fit, before you decide to increase or decrease the size. 

The rule of thumb is to multiply the number of people in your household by five, and that's the number of cubic feet you require. Multiply by six or more if you buy in bulk at warehouse clubs; multiply by four if you shop for produce daily.

Generally, there are four different size refrigerators from which to choose:  small (7 to 9.9 cubic feet), medium (10 to 13.9 cubic feet), large (14 to 19.9 cubic feet), and extra large (20 to 29  30 cubic feet). A very large side-by-side model could have a capacity as large as 267 cubic feet, while a full size refrigerator (without a freezer) can run as large as 30 cubic feet. The average refrigerator provides between 18 and 26 cubic feet of storage space, and for an average family of four, 19-22 cubic feet is ideal. If you're buying a spare or beverage refrigerator, a compact model under 11 cubic feet may be sufficient.

Measure the area where you plan to put the refrigerator. Be sure to include height, width, and depth in your measurements, and make sure you will have enough space to open the door. Take your measurements with you to the appliance store so that you can make sure that you're buying the right size. Another consideration: do you have an electrical outlet in the spot where you want to place your new refrigerator? Is plumbing set up, in case you are buying a refrigerator with an ice maker or water dispenser?

There are also basically four different type refrigerators types for you to decide upon: side-by-side, top mount, bottom mount, and counter depth.

Side-by-side refrigerators are exactly that: the refrigerator and the freezer lie stand side by side. They put fresh food at eye-level in the refrigerator. However, when considering a side-by-side, look carefully at the capacity and the interior flexibility. In some models, the compartments are narrower than those you will find in top- or bottom-mount models, and may not accommodate larger items or packages you frequently store, like bulky pizza boxes in the freezer, or gallon-sized containers. If you do go with a side-by-side model, choose one that has adjustable bins and shelves so you can conform the space for your storage needs. Look for models that have space-saving features such as in-door ice makers that move ice to the freezer door and free up a lot of valuable shelf space. Most side-by-side refrigerators are 31 inches to 36 inches wide, with a depth between 28 inches to 34 inches, and the height between 66 inches and 69 inches. Typically this type of refrigerator will require more kitchen space than other types because of the overall size and the area needed to open both doors.  An updated version of the side-by-side type is the French Door model, which has two refrigerated top sections with a freezer on the bottom.

Top-mount refrigerators are the most common type of refrigerator available, with the most extensive selection of styles. Because of their configuration, top-mounts typically offer more capacity than other model types. Eye-level freezers also offer easier access to food stored in the freezer.  Standard widths for top-mount refrigerators range from 23 inches to approximately 36 inches, with a depth from 27 inches to 33 inches. Most top-mount refrigerators are 60 inches to 69 inches in height.

Bottom-mount refrigerators are a good option if you want to see your non-frozen food at eye level. The dimensions of bottom-mount refrigerators are generally the same as those of the larger top-mounts. The average width is around 33 inches, the average depth ranges between 32 inches and 35 inches, and average height is between 66 inches and 69 inches.

Counter depth refrigerators offer a built-in look with out the price of a built-in. These refrigerators have a more shallow profile to fit seamlessly into your kitchen's décor. They are designed to fit flush with your countertops, giving you the built-in look. 

Choosing Options and Features
Once you have narrowed down the size and type of refrigerator to buy, you are halfway there! Now comes the fun part, choosing the options and features that will personalize your refrigerator. Expect to pay between $500-$1,500 for a 19 – 22 cubic foot model. Remember, the more features, the higher the price goes. 

The good news is that there are many optional features in which to choose, but your price will increase as you add features.  So narrow down your features before you shop—think about what features you must have, followed by those that you'd like to have.

A base model refrigerator generally has 1-2 drawers, wire shelving, non-adjustable shelves/bins and may only have a partial shelf in the freezer. Although a base model will provide sufficient refrigeration needs, features are really nice to have, especially since you'll most likely own for refrigerator for 8-10 years. If you need a second refrigerator for the basement to handle the overflow of Thanksgiving dinner, then a base model should meet your needs.

Some of the most popular features include ice and water dispensers and temperature-controlled crispers. Door-mounted ice and water dispensers are generally easy to find on side-by-side models, but not as common on other models. Most models provide water filtration and dispense ice and water through the door. Some dispensers have a night light feature, a filter change indicator, and control lockout—great if you have curious toddlers in the house!

Take a look at options in shelving. Possibilities include spill-proof glass shelves, adjustable height shelves, flexible space shelves, full-width or split shelves, elevator shelves, or built-in or removable racks, for wine. Clear shelves and door bins help you see what you have, no matter where it is in the refrigerator, and provide better access to items stored in the back.

For maximum interior space, look for wide, glass shelves that will give you more surface area. Some models have glass shelves that slide out and make it easier to use the whole shelf and put food all of the way to the back. Adjustable glass shelves are even better, as you can move them to accommodate tall items, such as soda or water bottles.

A "Must Have" feature is frost-free operation. While most of today's models are frost-free, do not assume that the one you are buying is; confirm it before purchasing.

Other refrigerator features to consider include:

• Humidity and Temperature Controls
• Reversible door
• Removable door bins
• Deli or meat keeper
• Quick cool compartment
• Freezer interior light
• Gallon Jug Bin
• Butter Keeper
• Spill-proof shelves.

Colors and Style
Most refrigerator exteriors come in a standard range of almond, white, biscuit, black, and stainless steel. If you want to minimize the effect of fingerprints, some manufacturers, such as Whirlpool, also offer special finishes created to disguise them and make it easy to remove any marks. You will pay extra for this feature, but it could save you a lot of time in daily care and maintenance. Whirlpool calls this special finish Satina.

Contoured refrigerator doors feature an elegant, rounded design with hidden hinges for a more streamlined, contemporary look. Trim kits are nice to have because they can convert your free-standing refrigerator to a built-in look. A protruding aluminum piece is attached to the standard refrigerator door and holds the panel. The trim panel is either an aluminum or colored panel provided by the refrigerator manufacturer or a panel is provided by your decorator, and matches the rest of your kitchen cabinetry.

Be Energy Efficient
With energy prices as high as they are and with the amount of energy a typical refrigerator uses, it's important to buy one that is efficient. In an average household, the refrigerator accounts for as much as 10% to 20% of total power you will use in one year. Buying a new energy efficient refrigerator can save you a few hundred dollars each year, so the refrigerator eventually pays itself off.  

Take a look at the yellow EnergyGuide label on the refrigerators at the appliance story. The smaller the number, the less energya refrigerator uses.

Other energy-efficient features to look for include an adaptive defrost control, which adjusts compressor time and prevents less freezing and unfreezing of food and conserves a significant amount of energy. Double tub construction and a foam-in-place door provide extra insulation and keep cold air from escaping the refrigerator compartments. Temperature-controlled bins and compartments allow you to turn down the temperature in small spaces within the refrigerator without lowering the temperature in the entire compartment.

Taking It Home
Once you have selected your refrigerator, think about a how you will get your refrigerator home to enjoy it. If you cannot transport yourself, ask if the retailer can deliver and install on the same day of purchase and, if not, when.  And check with your local jurisdiction on their appliance disposal policies so you can get rid of your old one.

Once your new refrigerator is in your home and plugged in, experts suggest letting it cool for approximately 24 hours before stocking it. Once it's all set, grab a cold refreshment or snack, sit back, and relax!